T52 Bridging Two Continents: Advances in Crustal Subduction and Ultrahigh-Pressure Metamorphism
Sunday, 1 November 2015
1:30 PM - 5:30 PM
Room 349/350
DIVERSITY OF THE KOKCHETAV METAMORPHIC DIAMONDS AND THEIR FORMATIONS RELATED WITH H2O-RICH FLUID CONDITIONS
Paper number: T52-7
Program: Technical Sessions
Time: 3:10 PM – 3:25 PM
Authors
-
Rentaro ShimizuWaseda University, Tokyo
-
Kunihiko SakamakiWaseda University, Tokyo
Abstract
The metamorphic diamonds in the Kokchetav Massif show very diverse features in morphologies and grain sizes with other crystal characters, Raman spectra (FWHM, PL), cathodoluminescence spectra, C isotope, abundance, paragenesis with silicates and carbonates. The formations of these diamonds, however, seem to be related to H2O-fluid conditions. Dolomite marble has the highest abundance in diamond. The diamond grew at two stages and 2nd stage growth was from H2O fluid. Grt-Bt gneiss is 2nd highest and the diamond shows several morphologies; however, no 2nd stage growth. In dolomite marble, diamond at 2nd stage has light carbon isotope, -17 to -27 ‰, whereas 1st stage diamond has -8 to -15 ‰. The light carbon of 2nd stage could be organic carbon in gneisses carried by H2O-fluid; dissolution of diamond in gneisses could have occurred. No 2nd stage growth in gneisses supports this idea. Carbon-bearing H2O fluid infiltration into dolomite marble caused the change of carbon solubility in fluid to precipitate abundant fine diamonds (10-20 mm), quickly. Recently discovered sp2 graphitic carbon inclusions in 2nd stage diamond (AGU2014F V13B-4771), which is a relic of metastable intermediate phase for diamond formation, suggest the diamond participation from H2O fluid. A minor amount of diamond (large-grained, ca. 150 µm at average) occurs in Grt-Cpx rock. Recently, we found the overgrowth of large-grained cubic diamond on small-grained one by multi-layered 2D Raman mappings (JpGU2014 No.02541). This indicates slow-growth in H2O-fluid having low oversaturation degree of carbon. UHP calcite marble contains a trace amount of small-grained diamond (no 2nd stage growth) only in diopside; titanite with coesite exsolution does not contain diamond. These suggest that very high H2O activity for titanite stability makes diamond unstable, and dissolution of diamond was possible. This is a similar relation with UHP dolomitic marble, which Arg-Fo and Arg-Ti-Chum were stable but diamond was unstable. In Tur-Fel-Qtz rock, diamond is included in new mineral “maruyamaite” (K-rich Tur); recent experiments show high-P and fluid-bearing conditions for maruyamaite. Summarizing these diverse features of the Kokchetav diamonds, those formation and their possible dissolutions have strong relationships with H2O-fluid conditions.