T36 Floodplain Hydrogeomorphology: Dynamics of Sediment, Vegetation, and Organic Matter in Altered and Unaltered Systems

Sunday, 25 September 2016
1:30 PM - 5:30 PM
Room 405

MODELING HOW ALLUVIAL STORAGE FILTERS UPLAND SEDIMENT SIGNALS AND CONTROLS THE TIMING OF SEDIMENT DELIVERY

Paper number: T36-12
Program: Technical Sessions
Time: 4:15 PM – 4:35 PM

Authors

Abstract

Climate change, tectonics, and humans create long- and short-term temporal variations in the supply of suspended sediment to rivers. These signals, generated in upland erosional areas, are filtered by alluvial storage before reaching the basin outlet. We quantify this filter using a random walk model driven by sediment budget data, a power-law distributed probability density function (pdf) to determine how long sediment remains stored, and a constant downstream drift velocity during transport of 157 km/yr. For 25 km of transport, few particles are stored, and the median travel time is 0.2 years. For 1000 km of transport, nearly all particles are stored, and the median travel time is 2.5Ma. Both travel time distributions are power laws. The 1000 km travel time distribution is then used to filter sinusoidal input signals with periods of 10 and 104 years. The 10-year signal is delayed by 12.5 times its input period, damped by a factor of 380, and is output as a power law. The 104 year signal is delayed by 0.15 times its input period, damped by a factor of 3, and the output signal retains its sinusoidal input form (but with a power law “tail”). Delivery timescales for these two signals are controlled by storage; in-channel transport is irrelevant, and low frequency signals are transmitted with greater fidelity than high frequency signals. Where restoration seeks to control excess sediment supply by reducing upland erosion, beneficial short-term signals may be significantly delayed and damped, impairing their ability to improve downstream water quality.

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 48, No. 7

doi: 10.1130/abs/2016AM-282173

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