39 Magmatism in the Cascades: Variations in Space and Time (Posters)

Friday, 17 May 2019
9:00 AM - 3:30 PM
Exhibit Hall B

INSIGHT INTO INTERRELATIONSHIPS AMONG DENSITY, VISCOSITY, CRYSTALLINITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION WITHIN HYPOCRYSTALLINE LAVAS, MT. HOOD VOLCANO, OREGON

Paper number: 39-6
Program: Theme Sessions
Time: 9:00 AM – 3:30 PM

Authors

Abstract

Study of the relationships between rheological properties and the mineralogical and chemical compositions of lavas is important to understanding numerous magmatic processes, such as magma buoyancy, magma mixing, and rate of magma emplacement. Improved methods of magma analysis will allow for more efficient study and prediction of rheological properties. This study examines the relationships between density, viscosity, chemical composition, mineralogical content, and percent crystallinity in lavas erupted at Mt. Hood volcano in the Cascade Range. Mt. Hood lavas were chosen for study because many contain glass in the groundmass, suggesting possible systematic relationships between, crystallinity, density, viscosity, and chemical composition. Lavas chosen for analysis were erupted during the Main Stage period (~700,000 to 30,000 ybp). Most are two-pyroxene andesites (SiO2= 58 – 61 wt%) and basaltic andesites (SiO2= 52–58 wt%) characterized by hypocrystalline groundmasses with plagioclase, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene (in basaltic andesites) as major phases. Temperature-dependent melt viscosities were calculated from whole rock compositions using the method of Giordano et al. (2008). Melt densities were calculated using partial molar volumes of oxide components using the method of Bottinga and Weill (1970). Both density and viscosity were calculated at temperatures ranging from 700oC to 1200oC. Densities vary from 2.41 g/cm3 at 1200 oC to 2.54 g/cm3 at 700oC. Viscosities range from log η = 2.23 PaS at 1200 oC to logη=12.62 PaS at 700oC. Calculations of percent crystallinity using XRD sample spectra vary from 94% crystalline at log η = 3.44 PaS (SiO2 = 60.08 wt%) to 42% crystalline at logη=3.37 PaS (SiO2=59.71 wt%). Viscosity data, when graphically related to crystallinity and chemical composition using the R programming language, provide insight into interrelationships among these physical properties in three dimensions, allowing for development of regression plane analysis for predictive insights into Mt. Hood’s subsurface magmatic processes.

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 51, No. 4

doi: 10.1130/abs/2019CD-329134

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