T95 Great Concepts and Controversies in Geosciences Since Steno’s Introduction of the Principles of Stratigraphy in 1669

Monday, 23 September 2019
8:00 AM - 12:00 PM
Room 106BC, West Building


FROM DIFFERENT TO OPPOSITE: AN EXAMPLE FROM TWENTIETH CENTURY GEOMORPHOLOGY

Paper number: T95-11
Program: Technical Sessions
Time: 10:45 AM – 11:00 AM


Authors


Abstract

In the mid-twentieth century, some geomorphologists, notably A.N. Strahler (1918-2002), began calling for a major change in how the study of landforms should be undertaken. By the early 1950s, after more than 60 years of dominance of W.M. Davis's (1850-1934) geographical cycle theory of landscape evolution, a growing number of geomorphologists were turning to the process approach. Process geomorphology applied basic principles of physics and chemistry to help understand landforming processes instead of focusing on a landscape's theoretical stage of development, as emphasized in Davis's approach. Process geomorphology stood in sharp contrast to Davis's geographical cycle. The Davisian approach was qualitative, theoretical, and focused on temporal stage of landscape development. Process geomorphology was quantitative, analytical, and sought to understand how applied forces and resisting materials interact to create landforms. The process approach advocated in the mid-twentieth century soon became closely associated with G.K. Gilbert (1843-1918), a geomorphologist who had been a contemporary of Davis. Gilbert was an accomplished and highly respected earth scientist who, instead of the popular Davisian approach, had relied on observation, mechanical analyses, and testing of multiple working hypotheses to postulate explanations of geomorphic phenomena. After 1950, geomorphologists and historians of science characterized Davis and Gilbert in increasingly opposing terms that began to misrepresent the two geomorphologists, especially Gilbert. Those accounts overlook Davis's close ties to geology, and that Gilbert was a geographer and a geologist, studied landscape change over time as well as process geomorphology, and was not only a field geologist but also an educator and administrator. Generalizations serve a purpose, and indeed are necessary, but artificially extending two researchers' different tendencies into a characterizations of polar opposition impedes full appreciation of the individuals and their accomplishments.

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 51, No. 5

doi: 10.1130/abs/2019AM-339557

© Copyright 2019 The Geological Society of America (GSA), all rights reserved. Permission is hereby granted to the author(s) of this abstract to reproduce and distribute it freely, for noncommercial purposes. Permission is hereby granted to any individual scientist to download a single copy of this electronic file and reproduce up to 20 paper copies for noncommercial purposes advancing science and education, including classroom use, providing all reproductions include the complete content shown here, including the author information. All other forms of reproduction and/or transmittal are prohibited without written permission from GSA Copyright Permissions.