7 Undergraduate Research II (Posters)

Monday, 4 May 2020
8:30 AM - 4:30 PM
Ballroom A

USING CEMENTUM HISTOLOGY TO ESTIMATE AGE IN CORYPHODON

Paper number: 7-1
Program: Theme Sessions
Time: 8:30 AM – 4:30 PM

Authors

Abstract

Acellular extrinsic cementum is a continuously growing tissue that anchors the tooth root to the alveolar bone and has the potential to record life history traits such as age of an individual. Cementochronology offers an alternative to bone histology in determining the age of fossil individuals. In contrast to bone, cementum growth layers do not remodel or get resorbed. In this study, we aim to use cementochronology to age the fossil pantodont Coryphodon. The Paleocene to Eocene Coryphodon is one of the first placental mammals to reach large body size (over 500 kg) after the K-Pg extinction event and is hypothesized to have undergone dwarfing in the Eocene as a response to increased temperature and a drier, more seasonal climate. Whether Coryphodon extended its life span to achieve larger body sizes and if the rapid climatic shifts impacted growth rate and longevity are unknown. Here we sampled thirteen Coryphodon specimens from several Wasatchian and Clarkforkian biozones in the Bighorn Basin of Wyoming. The roots were sampled near the apical one third and standard petrographical techniques were used to create ground thin sections. High-resolution montages of thin sections were traced in Adobe Illustrator. Three of the thirteen samples were deemed sufficiently preserved based on preservation of cross-cutting Sharpey’s fibers and lacunae from cementocytes. In those specimens, growth layer groups could be identified at the cemento-enamel junction. Specimens studied had just a few to almost 30 growth layer groups. This is the first study to demonstrate that Coryphodon reached several decades in age. Our data demonstrate that cementochronology holds great potential to be a useful method for studying body size evolution in the fossil record.

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 52, No. 3

doi: 10.1130/abs/2020RM-346444

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