14 Quaternary Volcanic Centers of the Cordillera

Friday, 14 May 2021
8:30 AM - 12:30 PM
Mackay School of Earth Sciences & Engineering Room

EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LANDSLIDES AND HYDROTHERMAL EXPLOSIONS IN LOWER GEYSER BASIN, YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL PARK

Paper number: 14-14
Program: Theme Sessions
Time: 11:05 AM – 11:10 AM

Authors

Abstract

It is well documented that phreatic explosions of shallow hydrothermal systems can be triggered by the sudden release of pressure caused by mass wasting events. However, many questions remain about the details of the relationship between the two processes including how external conditions such as deglaciation impacts these systems. An excellent place to investigate the interplay of these factors is Yellowstone’s hydrothermal system, which has been active through recent glacial epochs (e.g., Bull Lake ~150-140 ka and Pinedale ~22-13 ka) and exhibits small (<2 m) and large (>2 km) phreatic craters. We focus on Pocket Basin and Twin Buttes, two large craters in the Lower Geyser Basin, one of Yellowstone’s largest and most active thermal areas. LiDAR 0.5-meter resolution elevation data collected in 2008 is used to analyze the volume of material excavated by the explosions, extrapolate ground surface morphology before the explosions, and estimate deposit thickness of explosion breccia. The Pocket Basin explosion crater is a 365- by 800-meter depression with shallowly dipping inner slopes and an asymmetric hydrothermal breccia deposit ringing the crater. It was modeled as a simple explosion. Twin Buttes explosion crater is roughly circular with a circumference of ~645 meters and contains multiple smaller nested craters. The deposits surrounding Twin Buttes can be attributed to two sources: 1) a large hydrothermal explosion with angular breccia fall deposits and 2) a water-rich landslide that rafted meter-sized boulders far from their original position. We modeled Twin Buttes both as a hydrothermal explosion with a surge deposit and as a landslide followed by an explosion. Preliminary results support a link between a landslide and a hydrothermal explosion, as does a comparison with Pocket Basin. These results will be supported by future geochemical and geochronological analysis to differentiate between deposits from different emplacement processes.

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 53, No. 4

doi: 10.1130/abs/2021CD-363162

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