T3 Crustal Deformation: How and When? Linking Long-Term Landscape Signatures with Earthquakes and Seismic Hazard

Sunday, 9 October 2022
8:00 AM - 12:00 PM
507

BRIDGING EARTHQUAKES AND MOUNTAIN BUILDING IN THE SANTA CRUZ MOUNTAINS, CALIFORNIA

Paper number: T3-3
Program: Technical Sessions
Time: 8:20 AM – 8:35 AM

Authors

Abstract

Relative crustal motions along active faults generate earthquakes, and repeated earthquake cycles build mountain ranges over millions of years. However, the long-term summation of elastic, earthquake-related deformation cannot produce the deformation recorded within the rock record. Here, we provide an explanation for this discrepancy by showing that increases in strain facilitated by plastic deformation of Earth’s crust during the earthquake cycle, in conjunction with isostatic deflection and erosion, transform relative fault motions that produce individual earthquakes to geologic deformations. We focus our study on the data-rich Santa Cruz Mountains, CA, USA, which reside along a restraining bend in the plate-bounding San Andreas fault. First, we use a 3D finite element model to predict the accumulation of tectonic deformation surrounding the restraining bend since the range began to uplift at 4 Ma. We then couple this tectonic model with a geomorphic model that predicts how isostatically compensated rock uplift, exhumation, relief, and erosion evolve along the length of the mountain range as strike-slip motion along the San Andreas fault accumulates. We use this coupled model framework to compare predicted and observed quantities for geologically constrained rock uplift, apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology, topographic relief, 10Be-based erosion rates, and interseismic surface velocities. This approach reconciles these disparate records of mountain-building processes, allowing us to explicitly bridge decadal measures of deformation with that produced by millions of years of plate motion.

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 54, No. 6

doi: 10.1130/abs/2022AM-383388

© Copyright 2022 The Geological Society of America (GSA), all rights reserved. Permission is hereby granted to the author(s) of this abstract to reproduce and distribute it freely, for noncommercial purposes. Permission is hereby granted to any individual scientist to download a single copy of this electronic file and reproduce up to 20 paper copies for noncommercial purposes advancing science and education, including classroom use, providing all reproductions include the complete content shown here, including the author information. All other forms of reproduction and/or transmittal are prohibited without written permission from GSA Copyright Permissions.