300 Reconstructing Earth Surface Processes in Orogenic Systems (Posters)

Advances and applications of detrital and stratigraphic records for reconstructing lithospheric, climatic, and earth surface interactions over geologic time scales.

Wednesday, 22 October 2025
8:00 AM - 5:30 PM
HBGCC, Hall 1

Testing the reliability of fast SEM techniques for heavy mineral identification

Paper number: 300-0
Program: Technical Sessions
Time: 8:00 AM – 8:00 AM

Authors

Abstract

Heavy minerals, defined by densities greater than 2.8–2.9 g/cm³, typically comprise about 1% of siliciclastic sediments. Despite their low abundance, they are critical for provenance analysis, offering insights into weathering, sediment dispersal, tectonics, paleogeography, and recycling. This study evaluates the accuracy of rapid heavy mineral identification using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) equipped with dual energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometers (EDS) and AztecFeature software (Oxford Instruments). Two sample sets were used: one with 20–30 known heavy mineral grain types, and another with known mixtures. Mineral identification begins with a backscatter electron (BSE) image to distinguish particles from the epoxy background. Phase maps are then collected, and multi-phase particles are automatically split into distinct features. Only phase domains larger than 30 µm (coarse silt) are analyzed. EDS mapping is performed in two passes: a fast scan (1–3 µs dwell) to locate particles, followed by a slower scan (25–30 µs dwell) focused only on detected particles, significantly reducing acquisition time in samples with a high background-to-particle ratio. Simultaneously, morphological analysis captures key metrics such as area, aspect ratio, breadth, equivalent circular diameter, length, perimeter, and particle shape. Particles are initially classified using the default AztecGeo mineral database based on their chemical composition. For particles that remain unclassified due to compositional deviations from the database, post-processing is performed using GrainAlyzer software. A single mount containing hundreds to thousands of grains can be analyzed in 60–90 minutes. The workflow used in this study demonstrates that automated heavy mineral analysis via rapid elemental X-ray mapping combined with BSE imaging is both efficient and effective. It allows for direct mineral phase identification and supports the measurement of key physical attributes—such as size and shape—that are essential for thorough provenance analysis.

Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs. Vol. 57, No. 6

doi: 10.1130/abs/2025AM-414536

© Copyright 2025 The Geological Society of America (GSA), all rights reserved. Permission is hereby granted to the author(s) of this abstract to reproduce and distribute it freely, for noncommercial purposes. Permission is hereby granted to any individual scientist to download a single copy of this electronic file and reproduce up to 20 paper copies for noncommercial purposes advancing science and education, including classroom use, providing all reproductions include the complete content shown here, including the author information. All other forms of reproduction and/or transmittal are prohibited without written permission from GSA Copyright Permissions.